Your edit goes well beyond what would be considered to be an acceptable edit. Had I seen it in the queue, I would have rejected it as conflicting with the author's intent.
Looking over the original post and comparing it with the finished product, it's clear that you've taken their single line stub answer (which frankly resembles a comment) and totally overhauled it, turning it into a fully rounded answer by adding a central thesis, a narrative, links to a second relevant article and additional pictures cross-comparing the picture source with the original work to highlight the similarity.
So what's wrong with that?
First off, with an answer that small (and limited involvement from the OP) it's really quite difficult to determine what their intent was, other than highlighting that the two sources are quite similar.
Second, almost nothing of their original answer now exists. Excluding the image, less than 4% of the answer is what they wrote in the first place. Including the image, that goes up to a slightly more healthy 7% but still very low.
The fact that you've put so much effort into "improving" their existing answer is what spawned this question
Award Bounty to Answer Editor
With even an experienced user having difficulty determine what, if anything, the OP actually contributed to what is now, essentially your answer.
What should I have done?
Given how much additional effort has been put into improving this answer (by you), the obvious course of action would be to write your own answer, crediting the OP for finding an additional source that was useful in helping you to write your answer. People can then choose which answer to upvote and determine, for themselves, whether the original answer deserves upvotes.
Are there exceptions?
I'd like to put in a special word for story-identification questions. The reality is that the hardest part is locating and identifying the property in question. It's not uncommon to add a book review or a wiki quote that drastically adds to the word-count. In those instances, the OP still deserves all the credit for having worked out what the darned thing is in the first place.